PREDIKSI HUJAN BULANAN PADA PERIODE ENSO (El NINO SOUTHERN OSCILLATION) MENGGUNAKAN ANFIS (ADAPTIVE NEURO-FUZZY INFERENCE SYSTEM) DI BANJARMANGU, BANJARNEGARA
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Abstract
Akurasi prediksi curah hujan yang tinggi diperlukan untuk mendapatkan informasi yang tepat dan bermanfaat untuk tindakan mitigasi bencana alam oleh masyarakat. Untuk mendapatkan akurasi yang tinggi diperlukan variabel prediktor yang secara fisis terkait erat dengan curah hujan dan dapat menangkap pola anomali curah hujan akibat El Ni?o Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Total Column Water (TCW) sebagai variabel prediktor yang dipilih merupakan potensi uap air di atmosfer yang berpeluang menjadi hujan yang jatuh di permukaan bumi. Data TCW merupakan data reanalisis Model Sirkulasi Global (Global Circulation Model) yang diambil dari European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). Analisis korelasi dilakukan untuk mendapatkan tingkat keterhubungan antara prediktor dengan curah hujan. Model prediksi Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) digunakan untuk memprediksi curah hujan yang bersifat chaotic. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pola klimatologis prediktor TCW sesuai pola curah hujan klimatologis dengan kekuatan relasi (r) 0,79. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pola klimatologis prediktor TCW mengikuti pola curah hujan klimatologis dengan kekuatan relasi r(0,79) pada skala bulanan dan r(0,73) pada skala dasarian. Korelasi antara prediksi dan curah hujan observasi sebesar 0,82. Korelasi paling rendah pada saat terjadi pola Normal, El Ni?o dan La Ni?a pada tahun 2016 yakni 0,69, diikuti tahun 2014 saat Fase Normal dan El Ni?o sebesar 0,77, dan saat El Ni?o dominan mencapai korelasi tertinggi yaitu 0,93 di tahun 2015. Pada prediksi hujan skala dasarian menunjukkan tingkat keandalan yang tidak jauh berbeda dengan prediksi hujan bulanan dengan nilai r(0,65) pada periode La Ni?a dan r(0,80) pada periode El Ni?o.
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