Peran Vegetasi Pantai dalam Menghadapi Ancaman Bahaya Pesisir
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Abstract
Pembangunan yang pesat di daerah pesisir menjadikan daerah pesisir beserta jutaan penduduk, infrastruktur, maupun aktivitas ekonomi yang ada memiliki risiko yang meningkat pula terhadap ancaman bahaya pesisir seperti erosi pantai, badai, kenaikan muka air laut dan juga tsunami. Oleh karena itu kesiapsiagaan dan mitigasi menjadi hal penting untuk melindungi dari bencana alam. Dalam hal ini, rekayasa struktur sering kali diimplementasikan dimana dalam proses pembangunannya dapat menyebabkan terganggunya ekosistem laut maupun darat. Alternatif lain yaitu dengan pemanfaatan zona penyangga alami vegetasi pantai. Struktur vegetasi pantai memiliki kemampuan mengurangi gelombang secara langsung dan secara tidak langsung, dapat mengurangi dampak yang ditimbulkan melalui stabilisasi dan pembentukan sedimen. Mangrove sebagai contoh dari vegetasi pantai relatif sering ditemukan di garis depan dalam hal kedudukan atau posisinya terhadap bencana pesisir. Mangrove mampu melemahkan arus gelombang, menangkap sedimen, dan membentuk tanah. Akar dari mangrove dapat menjebak sedimen, manambah tinggi permukaan, dan memberikan perlindungan terhadap kenaikan muka laut. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan studi literatur mengenai peran vegetasi pantai dalam menghadapi berbagai macam ancaman bahaya pesisir. Peran vegetasi pantai tersebut akan diuraikan pada masing-masing bahaya yang dapat mengancam daerah pesisir. Melalui studi ini dapat dilihat bahwa vegetasi pantai dapat memberikan manfaat dalam mengurangi ancaman bahaya pesisir. Oleh karena itu, usaha-usaha dalam melindungi keberadaan vegetasi pantai penting dilakukan karena dapat meminimalisir risiko akibat bahaya yang mengancam.
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