INDUKSI MUTASI DAN SELEKSI IN VITRO TANAMAN GANDUM (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.)
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Abstract
INDUCTION MUTATION AND SELECTION OF IN VITRO PLANT OF WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.)
The goal of this research was to produce wheat crop which is tolerant to lowland condition.Six varieties were used, Dewata, Selayar, Alibey, Oasis, Rabe and HP1744. This research consisted of 4 stages: production of the best callus on MS medium containing 3 g/L 2.4-D, induced mutation of embryogenic callus using EMS, in vitro selection of callus at temperature of 27–35°C, and callus regeneration. The best result for callus production was 76% for Dewata and 70% for Selayar varieties. Higher concentration of EMS and longer soaking time decreased the percentage of callus growth. LC50 for Dewata was 0.3% EMS at 30 minutes and that for Selayar was 0.1% EMS at 60 minutes. The higher the temperature was, the lower was the adaptation tolerant of the plants, and callus growth was inhibited. At the highest temperature (35°C) the callus did not grow at all.
Keywords: Induced mutation, Triticum aestivum, EMS, in vitro selection, callus
ABSTRAK
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk merakit tanaman gandum yang toleran pada dataran rendah. Varietas yang digunakan ada 6 yaitu Dewata, Selayar, Alibey, Oasis, Rabe dan HP-1744. Penelitian terdiri atas empat tahap yaitu induksi pembentukan kalus terbaik menggunakan media MS + 3 g/L 2,4-D (dipilih dua varietas yang terbaik), induksi mutasi kalus embriogenik menggunakan EMS, seleksi kalus in vitro pada suhu 27–35°C, dan regenerasi. Hasil induksi kalus terbaik terdapat pada varietas Dewata sebesar 76% dan Selayar sebesar 70%. Semakin tinggi konsentrasi EMS dan semakin lama waktu perendaman yang digunakan maka semakin menurun persentase pertumbuhan kalus. LC50 varietas Dewata adalah EMS 0,3% waktu 30 menit sedangkan LC50 varietas Selayar adalah EMS 0,1% waktu 60 menit.Semakin tinggi suhunya maka semakin berkurang toleran adaptasi tanaman tersebut, dan pertumbuhan kalus semakin sedikit. Bahkan pada suhu tertinggi yaitu suhu 35°C tidak ada pertumbuhan kalus sama sekali.
Kata Kunci: Induksi mutasi, Triticum aestivum, EMS, seleksi in vitro, kalus
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