Efek Proses Pendinginan Terhadap Struktur Morfologi Komposit Biodegradable HDPE-Pati Singkong
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Abstract
Plastik ramah lingkungan umumnya digunakan untuk aplikasi kemasan sekali pakai, salah satunya adalah penggunaan singkong sebagai bahan plastik biodegradable. Proses pencampuran biodegradable selama pendinginan umumnya menggunakan air, sementara itu pati memiliki sifat mudah menyerap air sehingga memungkinkan terbentuknya porositas pada produk akhir. Pada kegiatan ini dilakukan pembuatan komposit HDPE biodegradable – pati singkong dengan parameter penambahan pati dan proses pendinginan setelah compounding,pengamatan dilakukan melalui struktur morfologi. Parameter proses pendinginan setelah compounding yaitu dengan cara memasukkan sampel ke dalam air selama beberapa menit dan dengan pendinginan udara. Karakterisasi awal dilakukan dengan pengukuran MFR (Melt Flow Rate) dan strain at break. Dari hasil pengujian, campuran biodegradabledengan 10% pati menghasilkan nilai MFR 0,258 g/10 menit dan strain at break 10,37%, nilai ini menunjukan karakteristik material polimer untuk proses injection molding. Selanjutnya material setelah proses pendinginan diamati porositas menggunakan alat SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope), porositas terbentuk karena sifat pati yang menyerap air. Hasil morfologi alat SEM menunjukkan adanya porositas dalam produk yang dilakukan proses pendinginan menggunakan air. Pendinganan lebih lama menghasilkan porositas sekitar 5,32 μsedangkan pendinginan lebih lambat menghasilkan porositas sekitar 2,48 μ. Hal ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa semakin lama proses pendinginan, maka semakin besar porositas yang terbentuk. Sementara proses pendinginan dengan udara tidak membentuk porositas pada komposit HDPE biodegradable – pati singkong.Â
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