REKOMENDASI PENGELOLAAN SUMBER DAYA AIR WADUK/ DANAU PLTA DI INDONESIA MELALUI PEMANFAATAN TEKNOLOGI MODIFIKASI CUACA
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Abstract
Melalui program Sistem Inovasi Nasional (SINas) oleh Kementerian Ristek Dikti telah dilakukan inventarisasi Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Air (PLTA) yang ada di seluruh Indonesia melalui penyusunan sistem informasi waduk/danau PLTA berbasis webGIS, yang mampu menyajikan informasi mengenai lokasi, kondisi hidrologi dan cuaca serta karakteristik fisik catchment area untuk masing-masing lokasi PLTA. Dari hasil monitoring data curah hujan serta analisis data hidrologi di setiap lokasi PLTA, diketahui sekitar 80% PLTA yang ada di seluruh Indonesia (kecuali yang ada di wilayah Aceh dan Sumatera Utara) mengalami defisit air akibat berkurangnya curah hujan sejak bulan Mei – Agustus sebagai dampak fenomena El Nino kuat yang mempengaruhi iklim global pada tahun 2015. Teknologi Modifikasi Cuaca (TMC) telah banyak dimanfaatkan untuk menjaga ketersediaan air waduk/danau, baik untuk keperluan irigasi maupun PLTA. Output penelitian ini juga menghasilkan Peta Rencana Waktu Pelaksanaan TMC untuk Mitigasi Bencana Kekeringan di Indonesia dan Peta Rencana Waktu Pelaksanaan TMC untuk Pengisian Waduk/Danau PLTA di Indonesia.
Kata Kunci: Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Air (PLTA), Sistem Informasi, Teknologi Modifikasi Cuaca (TMC)=
Through the National Innovation System (SINas) by the Ministry of Research Technology and Higher Education has conducted an inventory of Hydroelectric Power Plant which exist throughout Indonesia through the development of an information system reservoir / lake Hydroelectric Power Plant based WebGIS, which is able to present information about the location, hydrology and weather as well as physical characteristics of the catchment area for each location Hydroelecric Power Plant. From the results of the monitoring of rainfall data and analysis of hydrological data at each location Hydroelectric Power Plant, known to about 80% Hydroelectric Power Plant that exist throughout Indonesia (except in Aceh and North Sumatra) experienced water deficit due to reduced rainfall since the month of May to August as the impact Strong El Nino phenomena that affect the global climate in 2015. Weather Modification Technology (TMC) has been used to maintain the availability of water reservoirs / lakes Hydroelectric Power Plant, both for irrigation and hydropower. The output of this research also generates Execution Time Plan Map of TMC for Drought Mitigation in Indonesia and Execution Time Plan Map of TMC for filling Reservoir/ Lake Hydroelectric Power Plant in Indonesia.
Keywords: Hydroelectric Power Plant, System Information, Weather Modification Technology (TMC)
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