HUBUNGAN ANTARA ANOMALI SUHU PERMUKAAN LAUT DENGAN CURAH HUJAN DI JAWA
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Abstract
terhadap curah hujan hampir di seluruh belahan dunia termasuk Indonesia. Dari analisa
data curah hujan di Jawa tahun 1961-1993 dengan anomali suhu permukaan laut di
sekitar Indonesia menunjukkan bahwa terdapat korelasi negatif di bagian timur dan sentral Samudera Pasifik bagian equator dan Samudera Hindia sekitar 10 LS;80 BT,
sedangkan di Laut Flores menunjukkan korelasi positif. Ketika suhu permukaan laut di
bagian timur dan sentral Samudera Pasifik bagian equator serta di Samudera Hindia
meningkat (anomali positif), curah hujan di Jawa mengalami penurunan. Sebaliknya ketika terjadi penurunan suhu, curah hujan di Jawa mengalami peningkatan. Sedangkan untuk Laut Flores, ketika terjadi peningkatan suhu permukaan laut (anomali positif), curah hujan di Jawa meningkat dan apabila terjadi anomali negatif, curah hujan di Jawa menurun. Korelasi yang sangat tinggi antara curah hujan di Jawa dengan anomali suhu permukaan laut di Samudera Pasifik dan Samudera Hindia terjadi pada bulan September-Nopember, Sedangkan untuk Laut Flores terjadi pada bulan Juli-September.
The El Nino and Southern Oscillation is a large scale pattern of rainfall fluctuation almost in all the globe. Jawa rainfall (1961-1993) and sea surface temperature anomaly have been examined. There are significant correlation between Jawa rainfall and sea surface temperature anomaly in east and central equatorial Pacific Ocean, Indian Ocean near 10 LS;80 BT and Flores Sea .The negative correlation is found in east and central equatorial Pacific Ocean and Indian Ocean, while the positive correlation is found in Flores Sea. When the positive anomaly sea surface temperature in east and central equatorial Pacific occur, the Jawa rainfall is decreased, in the contrary if negative anomaly occurs, the Jawa rainfall increase. In Flores Sea, if the sea surface temperature is increased, the Jawa rainfall is increased, and if the sea surface temperature is decreased, the Jawa rainfall is decreased. The highest correlation between Jawa rainfall and sea surface anomaly in Pacific and Indian Ocean is in September-November season, and in the Flores Sea in July-September season.
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