PENYEBARAN POLUTAN DALAM KASUS KEBAKARAN HUTAN DAN LAHAN DI SUMATERA SELATAN TAHUN 2015
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Abstract
Intisari
Kebakaran hutan dan lahan di Sumatera Selatan tahun 2015 menimbulkan bencana kabut asap yang sangat masif sehingga kualitas udara dalam beberapa hari mencapai kategori berbahaya. Dalam tulisan ini dibahas penyebaran polutan di wilayah Sumatera Selatan akibat kebakaran hutan dan lahan yang terjadi di wilayah tersebut. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data hotspot dari satelit MODIS dengan tingkat kepercayaan 70 %, curah hujan TRMM serta curah hujan dari penakar yg ada di Sumatera Selatan,data kualitas udara (ISPU), data black carbon dari MERRA-2 Model M2T1NXAER v5.12.4. dengan resolusi 0.5o x 0.625o, serta arah dan kecepatan angin lapisan 925 mb. Analisis spasio temporal penyebaran black carbon yang dipadukan dengan arah dan kecepatan angin menggunakan perangkat lunak Grid Analysis and Display System (GrADS). Intensitas hujan dari 16 penakar hujan sejak minggu kedua bulan Agusus 2015 hingga akhir Oktober 2015 sebesar 36 mm. Selama bulan Juni-November 2015, Jumlah hotspot terbanyak terjadi pada bulan September (6.839 titik) dan Oktober (7.709 titik). Lokasi hotspot sebagian besar berada di Kabupaten OKI dengan jumlah mencapai 10.581 titik. Kualitas udara pada bulan September 2015 dominan masuk kategori tidak sehat sedangkan bulan Oktober 2015 dominan masuk kategori sangat tidak sehat – berbahaya. Angin pada lapisan 925 mb umumnya bertiup dari arah tenggara hingga timur sehingga black carbon dari kebakaran di daerah OKI menyebar ke arah wilayah Kabupaten Musi Banyuasin serta Kabupaten Banyuasin.
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Abstract
In 2015, Forest and Land fires inflict serious and massive smoke disaster so that air quality in several days laid in dangerous category. This paper discussed pollutant dispersed in South Sumatera due to forest and land fire in this area. Data that used in this paper were MODIS satellite hotspot data with 70 % confidence level, rainfall from TRMM satellite and from ground observation at South Sumatera, Air quality data (ISPU), MERRA-2 Model M2T1NXAER v5.12.4 black carbon data, also wind direction and speed at 925 mb height. Spatio temporal analysis of black carbon dispersion combined with wind speed and direction using Grid Analysis and Display System (GrADS) software. Rain intensity from 16 rainfall gauge since week two of August 2015 until end of October 2015 was 36 mm. During June-November 2015, the number on highest hotspot observed was in September (6.839) and October (7.709). Hotspot location mainly in OKI district as much as 10.581. Air quality in September 2015 mainly laid in unhealthy category, meanwhile in October 2015 laid mainly stated as unhealthy to dangerous. Wind at 925 mb height generally came from South East and East so black carbon came from fires at OKI district dispersed to Musi Banyuasin and Banyuasin district.
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