PENENTUAN DISTRIBUSI TIPE AWAN DI PROVINSI RIAU MENGGUNAKAN CITRA SATELIT MTSAT IR1
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Abstract
Intisari
Penentuan distribusi tipe awan berdasarkan diagram temperatur kecerahan (TBB) – perbedaan TBB dilakukan dengan menggunakan data citra satelit MTSAT IR1 dan IR2 pada bulan Januari dan Maret 2014 di 4 (empat) titik kajian di Provinsi Riau. Terdapat 6 (enam) tipe awan yang dikategorikan dalam diagram TBB-DT antara lain awan dingin dengan ketebalan optik besar (tipe awan Cumulonimbus/Cb), awan hangat dengan ketebalan optik besar (tipe awan Cumulus/Cu atau Stratocumulus/Sc), awan dingin dengan ketebalan optik kecil (tipe awan Cirrus/Ci yang cukup padat atau dense), awan hangat dengan ketebalan optik kecil (tipe awan Ci), serta awan tipe N yang merupakan tipe awan tipis di level rendah. Dari seluruh data yang ada dalam pada bulan Januari 2014 dan Maret 2014, distribusi awan di daerah kajian didominasi oleh tipe awan Cirrus (Ci tipis, Ci tebal, dan Ci solid). Karakteristik wilayah Riau yang cenderung kering di bulan Januari maupun Maret 2014 mempengaruhi pertumbuhan awan di daerah tersebut dan kondisi cuaca didominasi oleh cuaca cerah. Dari perbandingan yang dilakukan antara hujan dengan tipe awan di 4 (empat) titik kajian, penentuan jenis awan penghasil hujan tidak dapat dilakukan hanya dengan mengambil data TRMM dan data TBB di suatu titik karena tidak menunjukkan adanya hubungan antara hujan dengan tipe awannya. Hujan yang jatuh di titik kajian bisa jadi tidak berasal dari awan yang berada tepat di atasnya karena faktor angin.
Abstract
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Determination of cloud type distribution based on the brightness temperature (TBB) – temperature differential image (DT) has been done using MTSAT IR1 and IR2 image data on January and March 2014 at 4 (four) point studies. There are 6 (six) cloud types categorized by the TBB-DT diagram: optically thick cold cloud (Cb type), optically thick warm cloud (Cu/Sc type), optically thin cold cloud (thin Ci type/dense Ci), and N-type which is low level thin clouds. Based on all of the data from January and March 2014, cloud distribution on the field of study was dominated by Ci type clouds (thin Ci, thick Ci, and dense Ci). Dry characteristics of the area of Riau province influenced cloud development over the area and was dominated with fair weather. From the comparison between rain events and the cloud type, rain cloud determination cannot be done with only data point of TRMM rainfall data and MTSAT TBB data because it didn’t represent the relationship between rain events and it’s cloud type. Rain which fall on point study might not come from the clouds right on it due to the wind factor.
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