PEMANFAATAN TEKNOLOGI MODIFIKASI CUACA UNTUK PERKEBUNAN KELAPA SAWIT
Main Article Content
Abstract
Intisari
Tanaman Kelapa Sawit (Elais sp) adalah sumber utama minyak nabati sesudah kelapa di Indonesia. Tanaman tersebut merupakan komoditi andalan ekonomi Indonesia karena selain merupakan penghasil devisa, kelapa sawit merupakan salah satu alternatif upaya peningkatan kesejahteraan masyarakat melalui pembukaan lapangan pekerjaan dan lapangan usaha. Distribusi tanaman kelapa sawit di Indonesia dapat dijumpai di setiap pulau seperti Sumatera, Kalimantan, Sulawesi dan Jawa. Pada tahun 2013, dari total luas perkebunan kelapa sawit sebesar 9,14 juta hektar, sekitar 65% berada di pulau Sumatera, disusul Kalimantan (31%), Sulawesi (3%), kemudian Jawa dan Papua di bawah satu persen. Tanaman kelapa sawit tergolong ke dalam tanaman xerophyte yang dapat beradaptasi dengan kondisi air yang kurang, walaupun demikian tanaman tetap akan mengalami gejala stres air pada saat musim kemarau yang berkepanjangan. Salah satu upaya untuk mengantisipasi musim kemarau panjang dan kebakaran lahan yaitu dengan melakukan Teknologi Modifikasi Cuaca (TMC). Penerapan TMC di Indonesia sudah dilakukan sejak tahun 1979 dengan berbagai tujuan, yaitu menambah curah hujan untuk mengatasi kekeringan, pengisian air waduk untuk irigasi dan PLTA; mengurangi curah hujan untuk mengatasi banjir; longsor; dan mengurangi kabut asap akibat kebakaran hutan dan lahan. Simulasi proyeksi curah hujan dengan skenario pelaksanaan TMC 120 hari dilakukan di wilayah Riau, Kalimantan Tengah dan Sumatera Utara sebagai daerah dengan luas perkebunan sawit terbesar di Indonesia. Hasil dari simulasi tersebut adalah menghitung besarnya jumlah curah hujan tahunan yang dapat dihasilkan apabila dilakukan TMC 120 hari pada bulan April-Mei 2014 dan Agustus-September 2014 dengan asumsi tingkat pertambahan hujan ketika berada pada periode penyemaian awan sebesar 30%. Berdasarkan hasil simulasi curah hujan dengan skenario pelaksanaan TMC 120 hari, untuk wilayah Riau akan didapatkan penambahan curah hujan sebesar 198 mm/tahun, wilayah Kalimantan Tengah sebesar 254 mm/tahun dan wilayah Sumatera Utara sebesar 233 mm/tahun.
AbstractÂ
Palm (Elais sp) is the main source of vegetable oil after coco in Indonesia. This plant is mainstay commodity of Indonesia because in addition to foreign exchange earner, palm oil is one alternative efforts to improve the welfare of society through the opening of employment and business field. Distribution of palm oil plantations in Indonesia can be found in every island like Sumatra, Kalimantan, Sulawesi and Java. In 2013, total area of palm oil plantations amounted to 9.14 million hectares, approximately 65% were on the island of Sumatra, Kalimantan followed (31%), Sulawesi (3%), then Java and Papua under one percent. Palm oil plants belonging to the plant xerophyte that can adapt to conditions that are less water, however the plant will continue to experience symptoms of water stress during the long dry season. One effort to anticipate the long dry season and forest fires by performing the Weather Modification Technology. Application of this technology in Indonesia have been carried out since 1979 with a variety of purposes, namely to rain enhancement to overcome drought, filling water reservoirs for irrigation and hydropower; reduce rainfall to overcome floods; landslides; and reduce smog from forest fires and land. Simulation of rainfall projection with applying weather modification technology for 120 days in Riau, Central Kalimantan, and North Sumatra as the area with the largest palm oil plantations in Indonesia. Result of this simulation is to calculate the amount of annual rainfall if weather modification for 120 days applied in April-May 2014 and AugustSeptember 2014, assuming growth rate when cloud seeding period is 30%. Based on this simulation resulted for Riau regoin will get additional rainfall 198 mm/year, Central Kalimantan Region 254 mm/year and North Sumatra Region 233 mm/year
Article Details
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
a). Authors retain copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
b). Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
c). Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
d). Each author must sign the copyright transfer statement. The article will not be published unless this form has been signed and received.
OPEN ACCESS POLICY
Jurnal Sains & Teknologi Modifikasi Cuaca provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge.
JSTMC by BBTMC-BPPT is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Permissions beyond the scope of this license may be available at http://ejurnal.bppt.go.id/index.php/JSTMC
References
Badrun, M. 2010: Lintasan 30 tahun Pengembangan Kelapa Sawit. Direktur Jendral Perkebunan, Kementerian Pertanian RI.
Corley, R. H. V. and Tinker, P B. 2003.The Oil Palm Fourth Edition. Blacwell Science Ltd. United Kingdom.p56-64
Departemen Pertanian RI. 2014. Statistik Pertanian. Jakarta.
Gunarso, P, M. E. Hartoyo, Y. Nugroho, N.I. Ristiana, R. S. Maharani. 2012: Analisis Penutupan Lahan Dan Perubahannya Menjadi Kebun Kelapa Sawit di Indonesia Tahun 1990-2010.
Harahap, I. Y, Y Pangaribuan, H. H Siregar, E Listia. 2005.Lingkungan Fisik Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit. PPKS. Medan
Mahamooth, T. N., Gan, H.H., Kee, K.K., dan Goh, K.J. 2008.Water requirements and cycling of oil palm. Proceedings of Agronomy Crop Trust (ACT) Agronomic Principles and Practices of Oil palm Cultivation. Sarawak.p 57-96
Nur, M Syukri. 2014. Karakteristik Kelapa Sawit Sebagai Bahan Baku Bioenergi. PT Insan Fajar Mandiri Nusantara. Bogor.
Pahan, Iyung. 2006. Panduan Lengkap Kelapa Sawit: Manajemen Agribisnis dari Hulu hingga Hilir. Swadaya. Jakarta.
Supari. 2014. Sejarah Dampak Elnino di Indonesia. Artikel.
Tikno, S. 2010. Evaluasi Hasil Kegiatan Teknologi Modifikasi Cuaca di Indonesia. Artikel. http://www.bmkg.go.id
Turner, P. D. and Gillbanks, R. A. 2003. Oil palm cultivation and management second edition. The Incorporated Society Of Planters. Kuala Lumpur. p 74-81.