SEBARAN PARTIKULAT (PM10) PADA MUSIM KEMARAU DI KABUPATEN TANGERANG DAN SEKITARNYA
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Abstract
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Pencemaran udara yang bersumber dari aktivitas antropogenik dewasa ini menjadi semakin meningkat seiring dengan berkembangnya sektor industri dan transportasi. Kabupaten Tangerang dan sekitarnya merupakan daerah industri besar di Indonesia, sehingga masyarakat di wilayah tersebut memiliki potensi terpapar pencemar udara yang tinggi. Salah satunya adalah partikulat. Sebaran partikulat dipengaruhi oleh beberapa hal diantaranya jumlah sumber emisi, serta faktor meteorologi terutama angin. Pemantauan sebaran pencemar perlu dilakukan sebagai pertimbangan untuk mengambil kebijakan terkait masalah lingkungan. Namun pemantauan pencemar terkendala oleh biaya yang besar dan ketersediaan alat di lapangan, sehingga untuk memudahkan melakukan pemantauan digunakan model sebaran pencemar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui arah sebaran pencemar PM10 di wilayah Kabupaten Tangerang dan sekitarnya berdasarkan arah angin pada musim kemarau. Metode dalam penelitian ini menggunakan model Chimere yang dapat menghasilkan prakiraan pencemar udara harian, termasuk aerosol dan polutan lain. Hasil analisis menunjukkan konsentrasi PM10 tinggi di daerah sekitar Kotamadya Tangerang. Banyaknya industri dan padatnya kendaraan bermotor serta angin dominan yang menuju timur pada musim kemarau menyebabkan konsentrasi PM10 di Kota Tangerang Selatan hingga Kota Tangerang lebih tinggi daripada di sekitarnya, yakni mencapai 26-28 μg m-3. Nilai korelasi antara kecepatan angin dan konsentrasi partikulat sebesar -0.46 menunjukkan kecepatan angin cukup mempengaruhi tingkat konsentrasi PM10.
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Abstract
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Air pollution originating from anthropogenic activities nowadays be increased along with industry development and transportation sector. Tangerang District and its surrounding areas are a large industrial area in Indonesia, so people in the region have a high potential for exposure to air pollutant. Particulate is one of the pollutions. Monitoring the pollutant dispersion is necessary to be conducted as a consideration to take a policy related to environmental issues. However, pollutant monitoring constrained by cost and availability of tools in the field, so the model is used to make pollutant monitoring easier. This study aims to determine the direction of PM10 pollutant dispersion in Tangerang and the surrounding area based the dominant wind direction in the dry season. The method in this study uses Chimere model that can generate daily air pollution forecast. Result shows high PM10 concentration around Tangerang City. High number of industries and vehicles and also the dominant winds eastward in the dry season led to a concentration of PM10 in Tangerang City until South Tangerang City higher than around, namely reached 26-28 μg m-3. Correlation value between wind speed and particulate concentration is -0.46 indicated that the wind speed has considerable influence the level of PM10 concentrations.
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