PEMANFAATAN TEKNOLOGI MODIFIKASI CUACA UNTUK REDISTRIBUSI CURAH HUJAN DALAM RANGKA TANGGAP DARURAT BANJIR DI PROVINSI DKI JAKARTA DAN SEKITARNYA
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Pelaksanaan operasi TMC untuk redistribusi curah hujan di Provinsi DKI Jakarta dan sekitarnya dilakukan dengan menggunakan dua metode, yaitu metode mekanisme proses lompatan (jumping process mechanism) dan metode mekanisme persaingan (competition mechanism). Metode mekanisme proses lompatan (jumping process mechanism) dilakukan dengan proses penyemaian awan (cloud seeding) menggunakan bahan semai NaCl yang ditaburkan ke dalam awan menggunakan pesawat terbang. Tujuannya untuk mempercepat proses hujan pada awan-awan Cumulus yang berada di daerah upwind, yang dari radar terpantau bergerak masuk ke arah wilayah Jakarta. Sementara itu, metode mekanisme persaingan (competition mechanism) dilakukan dengan cara membakar bahan semai dalam flare menggunakan wahana penyemaian dari darat (GBG: Ground-Based Generator) yang terpasang di sejumlah lokasi di wilayah Jakarta, mulai dari hulu (daerah Puncak, Bogor) hingga hilir (sekitar Teluk Jakarta). Metode ini bertujuan untuk mengganggu mekanisme fisika awan-awan konvektif yang tumbuh di atas wilayah Jakarta dan berpotensi menjadi hujan. Secara umum, pelaksanaan TMC yang berlangsung selama 33 hari sejak tanggal 26 Januari sampai dengan 27 Februari 2013 berhasil mengurangi intensitas curah hujan dan resiko banjir di wilayah Provinsi DKI Jakarta dan sekitarnya. Selama berlangsungnya pelaksanaan TMC di Provinsi DKI Jakarta, total telah dilakukan 66 sorti penerbangan penyemaian dengan rincian 44 sorti menggunakan pesawat Hercules A-1323 dan 22 sorti menggunakan CASA 212-200 U-616. Total bahan semai NaCl powder yang ditaburkan sebanyak 201,8 ton, sementara dengan GBG telah melakukan pembakaran 486 batang flare di 14 lokasi, dan GBG sistem larutan di 9 lokasi masingmasing selama 158 jam. Berdasarkan data curah hujan historis dari TRMM, curah hujan aktual dari penakar dan TRMM, serta prediksi curah hujan dari GFS diperoleh hasil perhitungan pengurangan curah hujan selama operasional TMC sebesar 20-50%. Â
Abstract
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Implementation of the TMC operations for the redistribution of rainfall in Jakarta and surrounding areas is done using two methods, namely the jumping process mechanism and the competition mechanism. The jumping process mechanism performed by seeding the clouds using NaCl using aircraft. The goal is to accelerate the process of rain on Cumulus clouds in upwind areas, which is observed (using radar) moving in the direction to Jakarta area. Meanwhile, the competition mechanism is done by burning the material seeding in form of flares using Ground-Based Generator installed in several locations in Jakarta, ranging from upstream (Puncak area, Bogor) to downstream (around the Bay of Jakarta). This method aims to disrupt the cloud physics mechanism for the existence of convective clouds that grow in the area of Jakarta and potential rain.In general, the implementation of the TMC which lasts for 33 days from January 26 until February 27, 2013 managed to reduce the intensity of rainfall and the risk of flooding in areas of Jakarta and its surroundings. During the implementation of the TMC in Jakarta, a total of 66 flight sorties have been carried out with 44 sorties using Hercules aircraft A-1323 and 22 sorties using CASA 212-200 U-616. Total seeding material NaCl powder was 201.8 tons, while the Ground-Base Generators have burned 486 flares in 14 locations, and GBG solution system has operated in 9 locations for 158 hours each. Based on historical rainfall data from TRMM, actual rainfall from raingauge and TRMM, and rainfall predictions obtained by the GFS, rainfall reduction during TMC operation was about 20-50%.
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