KARAKTERISTIK CURAH HUJAN BERDASARKAN RAGAM TOPOGRAFI DI SUMATERA UTARA
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Abstract
Wilayah Sumatera Utara (Sumut) memiliki kondisi geografis dan topografi yang beragam, mulai dari pesisir, dataran rendah, dataran tinggi, pegunungan, serta kepulauan. Hal ini dapat menyebabkan variabilitas curah hujan semakin beragam. Untuk itu, kajian ini akan membahas mengenai variabilitas curah hujan Sumut di beberapa wilayah dengan kondisi geografi dan topografi yang berbeda. Data curah hujan bulanan dari 17 pos hujan Badan Meteorologi Klimatologi dan Geofisika (BMKG) dengan periode 1986-2016 (31 tahun) digunakan dalam kajian ini. Metode analisis deskriptif, statistik sederhana berupa perata-rataan, standarisasi anomali, dan interpolasi pembalikkan bobot jarak digunakan dalam kajian ini. Letak pos hujan dibagi berdasarkan kondisi geografis dan topografinya sehingga diperoleh enam wilayah yaitu Pesisir Timur, Lereng Timur, Pegunungan, Lereng Barat, Pesisir Barat, dan Kepulauan Nias. Hasil yang diperoleh yaitu variabilitas curah hujan Sumut dalam skala bulanan, antar musiman dan antar tahunan di keenam wilayah topografi berbeda satu sama lain. Curah hujan rata-rata Sumut umumnya menurun dari wilayah Barat ke Timur sehingga menyebabkan perbedaan yang cukup signifikan antara wilayah Timur dan Barat. Curah hujan tertinggi terjadi di wilayah Pesisir Barat yaitu 230-570 mm/bulan atau >4550 mm/tahun sedangkan terendah terjadi di Pesisir Timur yaitu 100–150 mm/bulan atau 1500-2000 mm/tahun. Puncak musim hujan Sumut umumnya terjadi pada bulan November, kecuali wilayah Pesisir dan Lereng Timur yang terjadi pada bulan Oktober. Curah hujan tahunan wlayah topografi Sumut umumnya menunjukkan nilai anomali standar negatif pada tahun 90-an dan menunjukkan anomali positif setelah tahun 2000, kecuali di wilayah Lereng Timur dan Kepulauan.
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