PERBAIKAN PREDIKSI CUACA NUMERIK KEJADIAN CURAH HUJAN LEBAT TERKAIT DENGAN KEJADIAN LONGSOR DI BANJARNEGARA MENGGUNAKAN ASIMILASI DATA SATELIT
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Abstract
Wilayah Banjarnegara terekspos dengan kejadian tanah longsor yang terjadi hampir setiap tahun. Hujan lebat merupakan salah satu faktor penting pemicu terjadinya longsor yang paling mungkin untuk diprediksi, sehingga prediksi hujan lebat yang akurat sangat dibutuhkan dalam sistem peringatan dini longsor. Namun demikian, keterbatasan peralatan pengamatan cuaca di Banjarnegara memberikan kendala tersendiri sehingga dibutuhkan teknik lain dalam pembuatan informasi prediksi cuaca di wilayah ini. Penelitian ini dibuat untuk memberikan kontribusi landasan ilmiah dalam membuat prakiraan cuaca menggunakan model Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) dengan mengintegrasikan data pengamatan satelit menggunakan WRF Data Assimilation (WRF-DA) untuk memperbaiki kualitas data awal model. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa prosedur asimilasi data satelit cuaca dapat memperbaiki data awal kandungan uap air di atmosfer (+60%) beberapa jam sebelum kejadian hujan lebat. Sehingga hasil prediksi model cuaca numerik dengan menggunakan asimilasi data satelit (DA-SAT) menjadi lebih baik dibandingkan dengan yang tidak menggunakan asimilasi data (Non_DA). Hal ini ditunjukan dengan nilai bias model yang mengecil (-32%) jika dibandingkan dengan data pengamatan penakar hujan stasiun. Hasil perbandingan data series waktu akumulasi curah hujan antara DA-SAT dan Non-DA memperlihatkan adanya perbedaan waktu tercapainya hujan maksimum dan juga perbedaan intensitasnya dimana skema Non-DA lebih lambat (+5 jam) dengan bias (-40%) sementara DA-SAT lebih lambat 0.5 jam dengan bias (+8%). Dapat disimpulkan bahwa asimilasi data satelit dapat memperbaiki kesalahan prediksi jumlah hujan dan waktu kejadiannya. Hasil penelitian ini dapat dijadikan rekomendasi penggunaan asimilasi data satelit dalam pembuatan informasi prediksi cuaca numerik di wilayah Banjarnegara.
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