KARAKTERISTIK TEMPORAL DAN SPASIAL CURAH HUJAN PENYEBAB BANJIR DI WILAYAH DKI JAKARTA DAN SEKITARNYA
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Abstract
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Curah hujan merupakan faktor utama penyebab banjir, tidak terkecuali banjir di wilayah DKI Jakarta. Oleh karena itu, karakteristik curah hujan perlu dipelajari untuk tujuan mitigasi bencana banjir di wilayah Ibukota. Kegiatan riset IOP (Intensive Observation Period) yang telah dilaksanakan oleh BPPT dan BMKG pada tanggal 18 Januari 2016 hingga 16 Februari 2016 bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik atmosfer yang menyebabkan cuaca ekstrim di sekitar wilayah DKI Jakarta. Tulisan ini secara lebih spesifik membahas karakteristik curah hujan dari data satelit TRMM JAXA (Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission) di Wilayah DKI Jakarta dan sekitarnya, untuk mengetahui bagaimana distribusinya baik secara temporal maupun spasial. Dari hasil pengamatan selama periode kegiatan IOP dapat diketahui bahwa secara temporal distribusi curah hujan yang memiliki intensitas tinggi terjadi pada siang hari (mulai pukul 13.00 WIB) hingga malam hari (pukul 24.00 WIB) dengan intensitas tertinggi terjadi pada rentang waktu antara pukul 13.00 sampai dengan 18.00 WIB. Secara spasial total hujan tertinggi selama periode IOP terpusat di daerah sekitar perbatasan antara Provinsi DKI Jakarta (Jakarta Selatan), Provinsi Jawa Barat (Depok), dan Provinsi Banten (Kota Tangerang Selatan) dengan total curah hujan berkisar antara 600 mm hingga lebih dari 650 mm. Suplai utama curah hujan terbesar adalah hujan-hujan yang terjadi di daerah Selatan hingga bagian tengah Provinsi DKI Jakarta.
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Abstract
Rainfall is a major factor causing flooding, no exception flooding in Jakarta. Therefore, precipitation characteristics need to be studied for the purpose of flood mitigation in the Capital region. Research activities IOP (Intensive Observation Period) have been conducted by BPPT and BMKG on January 18, 2016 until February 16, 2016 aims to determine the characteristics of the atmosphere that causes extreme weather around Jakarta. This paper more specifically discusses the characteristics of rainfall from satellite data TRMM JAXA (Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission) in the Jakarta area and its surroundings, to know how they were distributed both temporally and spatially. From observations during IOP periods can be seen that the temporal distribution of rainfall high intensity of rain that has occurred during the day (starting at 13.00 pm) until late at night (24.00 pm) with the highest intensity occurred in the period between 13.00 until 18.00. Spatially the highest total of rainfall during the IOP is concentrated in the area around the border between Jakarta (South Jakarta), West Java (Depok), and Banten (South Tangerang City) with total rainfall 600–650 mm. The main supply of the heaviest rainfall was the rain that occurred in the South until the middle part of Jakarta.
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