INDUKSI MUTASI KULTUR IN VITRO Amorphophallus muelleri Blume DENGAN IRRADIASI GAMMA

Abstract

Amorphophallus muelleri Blume (Araceae) is valued for its glucoman content for use in
food industry (heathy diet food), paper industry, pharmacy and cosmetics. The cultivation
of A. muelleri is hampered by limited genetic quality of seed. The species is triploid
(2n=3x=39), the seed is developed apomictically, and pollen production is low. The
species is only propagated vegetatively. This may explain that the species is difficult
to breed conventionally and genetic variability in the existing landraces cultivars is
rather limited. Conservation of this species, therefore, is important for availability of the
species in the future use of this plant. The objective of present research is to increase
genetic variation by induce mutation using gamma-rays irradiation of shoot cultures
of A. muelleri and to identify DNA polymorphism induced by gamma irradiation using
random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), so the mutants produced can be used for
breeding purposes and for conservation program. Results of the experiment showed
that gamma irradiation less than 5 gray was effective to induce mutation of A. muelleri.
Four RAPD primers generated 35 scorable bands with 100% polymorphic bands. Size
of the bands varied from 350bp to 2.0kbp. Clustering analysis was performed based on
RAPD profiles using the UPGMA method. The range of genetic distance among individual
genotypes was from from 0.00 to 0.72, while genetic variance of the population was
0.21 + 0.13. The eighteen genotypes were proof to be mutants. The mutants produced
in this experiment could be used as new germplasms for breeding purposes as well as
for use in conservation strategy