Perhitungan Potensi Limbah Padat Kelapa Sawit untuk Sumber Energi Terbaharukan dengan Metode LCA
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Proses produksi crude palm oil (CPO) dan biodiesel kelapa sawit menghasilkan limbah padat sebanyak 35-40% dari total tandan buah segar (TBS) yang diolah, dalam bentuk tandan buah kosong, serat, cangkang buah dan abu bakar. Keberadaan limbah yang melimpah ini berpotensi mencemari lingkungan bila tidak tertangani dengan baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membahas dan menghitung potensi limbah padat sawit menjadi energi terbarukan dan pengaruhnya terhadap peningkatan nilai net energy ratio (NER) dan net energy balance (NEB). Dalam penelitian ini digunakan metode life cycle assessment (LCA) untuk menghitung neraca limbah padat yang hasilnya akan dikonversikan ke dalam nilai faktor energi dari sumber pustaka yang terpercaya. Hasil neraca massa limbah sawit menunjukkan bahwa total limbah padat serat dan cangkang yang dihasilkan setiap pengolahan 1 ton TBS adalah 130 kg dan 65 kg. Limbah ini bila digunakan sebagai bahan bakar boiler akan berpotensi menghasilkan energi sebesar 10.118 MJ/ton biodiesel. Tambahan energi terbarukan ini akan meningkatkan nilai NER dan NEB secara signifikan. Nilai NEB naik 27.199 MJ menjadi sekitar 37.317 MJ (37,2%) dan nilai NER naik dari 3,19 menjadi 4,01 atau meningkat 25,5%.
Kata kunci : CPO, biodiesel, kelapa sawit, limbah padat sawit, NER, NEB, LCA
Â
Article Details
JTL provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge.
JTL by PTL-BPPT is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Permissions beyond the scope of this license may be available at http://ejurnal.bppt.go.id/index.php/JTL
References
Anonim, (2016), Refleksi Industri Kelapa Sawit 2015 dan Prospek 2016, available from http://gapki.id/refleksi-industri-kelapa-sawit-2015-dan-prospek-2016, (viewed Nov 10, 2016).
Anonim, (2016), Demand for Indonesian Crude Palm Oil Fell in January 2016, available from https://www.indonesia-investments.com/id/news/todays-headlines/demand-for-indonesian-crude-palm-oil-fell-in-january-2016/item6521 (viewed June 12, 2017).
Fang, C. 2011. Comparison of UASB and EGSB reactors performance, for treatment of raw and deoiled palm oil mill effluent (POME). J. Hazard. Mater. 189:229–234. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.02.025
Pahan, I., (2008), Kelapa Sawit. Penebar Swadaya, Jakarta.
Mandiri, (2012), Manual Pelatihan Teknologi Energi Terbarukan, Jakarta, DANIDA.
Pleanjai S., S.H. Gheewala, (2009), Full Chain Energy Analysis of Biodiesel Production from Palm Oil in Thailand, Applied Energy, 18 : 209-214.
Souza, S.P., S. Pacca, M. Turra de Avila, Borges J.L.B., (2010), Greenhouse gas emissions and energy balance of palm oil biofuel, Renewable Energy, 35, 2552–2561.
Bantacut, T., dan H. Pasaribu, (2015), Aliran Tertutup Massa Dan Potensi Mandiri Energi pada Produksi CPO, Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian, 25 (3):215-226.
Anonim, (2011), Kelapa Sawit Dan Aneka Pengolahannya, available from https://lordbroken.wordpress.com/2011/01/08/kelapa-sawit-dan-aneka-pengolahannya (viewed April 24, 2017).
Singh, G., S. Manoharan, dan T. S. Toh, (1989), United plantations approach to palm oil mill by product management and utilization, Proceedings of International Palm Oil Development Conference, Palm Oil Research Institute of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, 225-234.
Haryanti, A., N. Norsamsi, P. S. F. Sholiha, N.P. Putri, (2012), Studi Pemanfaatan Limbah Padat Kelapa Sawit, Konversi, 3(2):20-29.
Purba, A.R., Akiyat, A.D. Koedadiri, E.S. Dja’far, Sutarta, I.Y. Harahap dkk., (2005), Budidaya Kelapa Sawit, Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit, Medan, Hal. 1-2.
J. Chungsiriporn, S. Prasertsan, C. Bunyakan, (2006), Minimization of water consumption and process optimization of palm oil mills, Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, 8(3): 151–158.
Mahlia, T.M.I., M.Z Abdulmuin, T.M.I Alamsyah, D Mukhlishien, (2001), An alternative energy source from palm wastes industry for Malaysia and Indonesia, Energy Conversion and Management, 42(18): 2109–2118.
Lee, K., and A. Inaba, (2004), Life Cycle Assessment Best Practices of ISO 14040 Series, Asia-Pacific Economic Co-operation, Singapore.
Nguyen, T.L.T., S.H. Gheewala, S. Garivait, (2007), Full chain energy analysis of fuel etanolfrom cassava in Thailand, Environ Sci Technol, 41(11), 4135–4142.
Nasrin, A.B., et.al, (2004), A systematic approach of assessing palm oil mills as RE power plant sites – a case study, Proceedings of the Advances in Malaysian Energy Research, 25 – 32.
Mohamed, W., W.A. Najmi, (2001), Development and performance of a cascading hearth with secondary swirl combustor for solid waste (palm oil shells), Masters thesis, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Skudai, Malaysia.
Silalertruksa, T., Gheewala S.H., (2012), Environmental sustainable assessment of palm biodiesel production in Thailand, Energy 43: 306-3014.
Papong, S., C. Tassaneewan, N. Soottiwan, M. Pomthong, (2010), Life cycle energy efficiency and potentials of biodiesel production from palm oil in Thailand, Energy policy 38: 226-233.
Pleanjai, S.H. & Gheewala, S.H. (2009). Full chain energy analysis of biodiesel production from palm oil in Thailand. Appl Energy, 86, 209–214.
Thamsiriroj, T., J.D. Murphy, (2009, Is it better to import palm oil from Thailand to produce biodiesel in Ireland than to produce biodiesel from indigenous Irish rape seed?, Appl Energy, 86:595–604.
Hasanuddin, U., R. Sugiharto, A. Haryanto, T.Setiadi, K. Fujie, (2015), Palm oil mill effluent treatment and utilization to ensure the sustainability of palm oil industries, Water science and technology, 72.7: 1089-1095.