Ujicoba Konsorsium Mikroba dalam Upaya Bioremediasi Tanah Tercemar Minyak Dengan Menggunakan Teknik Landfarming Skala Bangku
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Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari pengaruh dari pemberian konsorsium bakteri, dosis bakteri dan bahan organik yang diberikan ke dalam tanah tercemar minyak asal Bojonegoro menggunakan teknik landfarming skala bangku. Percobaan ini terdiri dari dua bagian, yaitu penambahan mikroba tanpa atau dengan penambahan bahan organik. Konsorsium bakteri yang dicoba adalah K1 (campuran strain 3.3, 3.4 dan 6.9) dan K2 (campuran strain P2 dan P6). Dosis konsorsium bakteri yang diuji adalah 106, 109 dan 1012 cfu/g tanah. Kadar minyak awal dalam tanah adalah 5,8% dan 4,6%. Sebelum diinokulasi, tanah ditambahkan pupuk Urea dan NPK. Hasil percobaan 1 menunjukkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan suhu tanah hingga 40ºC dan penurunan pH dari 8.1 menjadi 7.6 pada minggu pertama percobaan. Nilai TPH masing-masing perlakuan turun dari 5,8% menjadi 2.8-3.2% setelah 12 minggu. Analisis statistik menyatakan bahwa pemberian konsorsium, dan dosis konsorsium bakteri tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap penurunan nilai TPH maupun terhadap populasi mikroba tanah. Pada percobaan 2 (dengan penambahan bahan organik), kedua konsorsium bakteri dapat menurunkan TPH di bawah 1% setelah 5 minggu percobaan. Berdasarkan hasil percobaan ini, konsorsium bakteri yang dikembangkan di lab diduga mengalami kendala lingkungan yang menyebabkan tidak dapat hidup lama di tanah.
Kata kunci: bioremediasi,konsorsium mikroba, tanah tercemar minyak, TPH
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