Remediasi Merkuri (Hg) pada Air Limbah Tambang Emas Rakyat Dengan Metode Lahan Basah Buatan Terpadu
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Abstract
Suatu metode lahan basah buatan terpadu diterapkan pada penelitian remediasi lingkungan dengan menggunakan tanaman Phragmites australis dan mikroba pada kompos untuk mengurangi konsentrasi merkuri (Hg) pada air limbah. Air limbah yang digunakan pada penelitian terdiri dari limbah asli tambang emas rakyat Pongkor dengan konsentrasi 27 ppb dan limbah buatan dengan konsentrasi 30 ppb, 60 ppb dan 90 ppb. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tingkat efisiensi penurunan konsentrasi Hg yang dihasilkan adalah sebesar 99,8% pada air limbah buatan dengan konsentrasi 60 ppb dan 90 ppb, serta sebesar 99,6% pada air limbah asli dan air limbah buatan konsentrasi 30 ppb. Tingkat akumulasi Hg tertinggi ditemukan di bagian akar tanaman dengan konsentrasi Hg total pada bagian akar, batang dan daun tanaman Phragmites australis adalah sebesar 3,502 mg/kg, 5,102 mg/kg dan 12,066 mg/kg pada air limbah buatan konsentrasi 30 ppb, 60 ppb dan 90 ppb. Lebih tingginya tingkat akumulasi Hg di bagian akar, dibandingkan dengan bagian lain dari tanaman, dapat menjadi suatu tanda bukti bahwa mikroba dari kompos yang menempel pada bagian akar tanaman itu juga ikut berperan dalam proses penyerapan Hg oleh tanaman
Kata kunci: lahan basah buatan, merkuri (Hg), tambang emas rakyat, tailing
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