Pengamatan Efek Pratritmen Tandan Kosong Sawit sebelum Proses Konversi Biogas dengan Analisis Mikroskopi
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
Conversion of lignocellulosic biomass such as Oil Palm-Empty Fruit Bunch (OP-EFB) into bioenergy is a promising solution to mitigate the impact of climate change and avoid an energy crisis that have been globally anticipated. The abundance amount of OP-EFB as a biomass waste from oil palm processing in Indonesia has opened more chance to produce bio-energy and other valuable products without having competition with the food sector. It has a high content of cellulose and hemicellulose that can be processed generating bio-energy such as biogas or bioethanol. However, to be processed into bio-energy, and other products, EFB should be pretreated first to break the recalcitrant characteristic and increase the yield and conversion rate. Alkaline pretreatment is widely known for its effectivity on lignin removal to open more access of the lignocellulose, especially for the Anaerobic Digestion (AD) process. There are several ways to evaluate Pratritmen performance before the AD process, for example by chemical analysis as well as visual observation using a microscope. Visual observation emphasizes the change in microstructure or morphology of the pretreatment process so that it can be a method for physically explaining what is happening at the microscopic level. This research’s objective is to perform microscopy observation on the OP-EFB component’s changes during the low concentrated alkaline pretreatment using NaOH 6% and mixture of NH4OH and (NH4)2CO3 10% as long as 24 hours. The result from using CLSM shows the process of delignification, while SEM shows 3 major visual changes i.e. silica bodies removal, surface degradation and the enhanced bacteria’s affinity to the OP-EFB’s surface.
Keywords: Microscopy analysis, Oil palm empty fruit bunch, alkaline pretreatment, Anaerobic Digestion, visual changes
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ABSTRAK
Konversi biomasa lignoselulosa seperti Tandan Kosong Sawit (TKS) menjadi bioenergi adalah solusi yang menjanjikan untuk mengurangi dampak perubahan iklim dan menghindari krisis energi yang telah diantisipasi secara global. Jumlah kelimpahan TKS sebagai residu dari proses produksi minyak kelapa sawit telah membuka banyak peluang untuk menghasilkan bioenergi dan produk nilai lainnya tanpa bersaing dengan sektor pangan. TKS memiliki kandungan selulosa dan hemiselulosa tinggi yang dapat diproses menghasilkan bioenergi seperti biogas atau bioetanol. Namun, untuk diproses menjadi bio-energi, dan produk lainnya, substrat ini harus dipratritmen terlebih dahulu untuk mengatasi karakteristik rekalsitransi yang menjadi penghambat utama dalam proses biokonversi. Pratritmen dengan menggunakan reagent basa (alkalin) secara luas dikenal karena efektifitasnya pada penghilangan lignin untuk membuka lebih banyak akses lignoselulosa, terutama untuk proses produksi biogas (AD). Terdapat beberapa cara untuk mengevaluasi kinerja Pratritmen sebelum proses AD, misalnya dengan analisis kimia juga pengamatan visual dengan menggunakan mikroskop. Observasi visual menekankan adanya perubahan mikrostruktur atau morfologi dari proses pratritmen sehingga bisa menjadi metode untuk menjelaskan secara fisik apa yang terjadi dalam tataran mikroskopis. Tujuan dari penelitian adalah melakukan analisis mikroskopi dengan menggunakan confocal dan SEM pada TKS sebelum dan setelah dilakukan pratritmen dengan alkalin NaOH 6% dan campuran NH4OH dengan (NH4)2CO310% selama 24 jam juga TKS hasil pratritmen yang digunakan untuk proses produksi biogas. Hasil dari Confocal memperlihatkan adanya perubahan dari TKS sebelum dan setelah pretreatmen yaitu terjadinya proses delignifikasi, sementara hasil SEM memperlihatkan 3 perubahan visual utama yang dapat dianalisis yaitu penghilangan silika, degradasi permukaan dan peningkatan afinitas bakteri pada permukaan TKS yang dilakukan pratritmen.
Kata kunci : analisis mikroskopi, tandan kosong kelapa sawit, pratritmen alkalin, Anaerobic Digestion, perubahan visual
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