Fluktuasi Cemaran Udara Partikulat dan Tingkat Risikonya terhadap Kesehatan Masyarakat Kota Bogor
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
Health risk characteristics expressed as a Risk Quotient (RQ) can be carried out through an environmental health risk analysis (ARKL) approach. This approach can estimate the public health risk caused by the concentration of risk agents of particulates consisting of PM2.5, PM10, and TSP. The research on the fluctuation of ambient air particulate pollutant and its risk to public health was conducted in each sub-district of Bogor City. Author identified a total of 360 respondents to determine the community anthropometric variable of exposures for time, frequency, and duration. There are several steps that need to be carried out to obtain the RQ value, namely identification of hazards from particulate risk agents, analysis of the dose-response in the form of Reference Concentration (RFC), analysis of the exposure obtained based on anthropometric variables, and the concentration of risk agents as well as characteristics of risk levels. The risk level characteristic shows that the RQ value of TSP is always the highest one, followed by PM10 and PM2.5. The respective RQ values of TSP for male and female residents are 1.85 and 1.53. Cumulatively, the male and female population in Tanah Sareal produced the highest RQ values. Those are 4.44 and 3.36, respectively. At the same time, the lowest cumulative RQ was obtained for male and female residents in East Bogor with RQ values of 2.96 and 2.54. The RQ value of each risk agent or the cumulative RQ that is more than 1 (RQ> 1) is stated to have or has a health risk, so it needs to be controlled, while the RQ value which is less than one (1) is displayed not to need to be controlled but needs to be maintained.
Keywords: particulate, risk level, exposure assessment, anthropometric characteristic, environmental health risk assessment
ABSTRAK
Karakteristik risiko kesehatan yang dinyatakan sebagai Risk Quotient (RQ) dapat dilakukan melalui pendekatan Analisis Risiko Kesehatan Lingkungan (ARKL). Pendekatan ini dapat mengestimasi risiko kesehatan masyarakat yang disebabkan oleh konsentrasi agen risiko yaitu PM2,5, PM10, dan TSP di tiap-tiap kecamatan di Kota Bogor. Penulis mengidentifikasi sebanyak 360 responden yang terdiri dari laki-laki dan perempuan untuk menentukan variabel antropometri masyarakat di Kota Bogor, waktu paparan, frekuensi paparan, serta durasi paparan. Ada beberapa tahapan yang perlu dilakukan untuk memperoleh nilai RQ, yaitu identifikasi bahaya dari agen risiko partikulat, analisis dosis-respon berupa Reference Concentration (RfC), analisis pajanan yang diperoleh berdasarkan variabel antropometri dan konsentrasi agen risiko serta karakteristik tingkat risiko. Karakteristik tingkat risiko menunjukkan nilai RQ TSP selalu paling tinggi diikuti PM10, dan terendah adalah RQ PM2,5 dengan nilai tertinggi TSP untuk penduduk laki-laki dan perempuan masing-masing sebesar 1,85 dan 1,53. Secara kumulatif, penduduk laki-laki dan perempuan di Tanah Sareal menghasilkan nilai RQ tertinggi masing-masing sebesar 4,44 dan 3,36. Sedangkan RQ kumulatif terendah diperoleh untuk penduduk laki-laki dan perempuan di Bogor Timur dengan nilai RQ 2,96 dan 2,54. Nilai RQ tiap agen risiko ataupun RQ kumulatif yang lebih dari 1 (RQ>1) dinyatakan memiliki atau terdapat risiko kesehatan sehingga perlu dikendalikan, sementara nilai RQ yang masing kurang dari satu dinyatakan tidak perlu dikendalikan tetapi perlu dipertahankan.
Kata kunci: partikulat, tingkat risiko, analisis pajanan, karakteristik antropometri, analisis risiko kesehatan lingkungan
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