Keramba Jaring Apung SMART sebagai Inovasi Sistem Budidaya Ramah Lingkungan di Perairan Danau dan Waduk SMART Floating Net Cage as an Innovation of Eco-friendly Aquaculture System for Lake and Reservoir
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Abstract
Aquaculture activity using floating net cage (FNC) in lake or reservoir was rapidly developing, and it was over carrying capacity. Uneaten feed and fish metabolisms were caused by water quality degradation. Some innovation was needed to diminish pollutant loading for cultivation activity, and SMART FCN can do it. SMART FNC is a water management system with circulation and aquatic plants as an innovation for conventional KJA. This paper aimed to shown SMART FCN construction as an eco-friendly cultivation system and estimate organic matter and phosphorus pollutant loading reduced by SMART FCN. The research was done at Cirata Reservoir in October–December 2019. The research using FCN with size 6x6 m with depth 4.5 m. The nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) seed used was 15 kg with an average weight is 22.5 g/ind or with a density 7 ind/m3 or 775 fish total. It was feeding as much as 5% of the fish weight and three times per day. The average fish growth rate is 1.6 g/day with a food conversion ratio is 1.41, with a harvest biomass is 104.0 kg. FCR decreasing can reduce organic matter (OM) and total phosphorus for each ton of fish by 200 kg OM and 50.8 kg P, respectively. The filtration effectiveness of water spinach to decreasing P-PO4, BOT, NO2, and N-NO3 were 33.2, 31.2, 31.0, and 40.3%, respectively.
Keywords: SMART FCN, Aquaculture, Nile tilapia, Eco-friendly
ABSTRAK
Kegiatan budidaya dengan keramba jaring apung (KJA) di perairan waduk dan danau telah berkembang pesat dan cenderung melebihi daya dukung perairan. Sisa pakan dan metabolisme ikan yang terbuang ke perairan menyebabkan degradasi kualitas air. Oleh karena itu perlu adanya suatu upaya mengurangi beban pencemaran yang berasal dari kegiatan budidaya yang dapat dilakukan dengan sistem budidaya KJA SMART. KJA SMART adalah sistem manajemen air dengan resirkulasi dan tanaman air sebagai inovasi KJA konvensional yang sudah ada. Tujuan dari penulisan ini adalah untuk menyajikan konstruksi KJA SMART sebagai teknologi budidaya ramah lingkungan serta mengestimasi pengurangan beban pencemaran bahan organik dan fosfor total (P) dengan penerapan sistem KJA SMART. Penelitian dilakukan di Waduk Cirata pada bulan Oktober-Desember 2019. Kolam yang digunakan berukuran 6x6 m dengan kedalaman 4,5 m. Benih ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus) yang digunakan sebanyak 15 kg dengan berat rata-rata 22,5 g/ekor atau dengan kepadatan 7 ekor/m3 atau total 775 ekor. Pakan yang diberikan sebanyak 5% dari berat ikan dengan frekuensi pemberian sebanyak tiga kali dalam satu hari. Laju pertumbuhan ikan nila rata-rata yang dipelihara adalah 1,6 g/hari dengan rasio konversi pakan (FCR) sebesar 1,41 dengan produksi 104,0 kg. Penurunan nilai FCR dapat mengurangi beban pencemaran bahan organik total (BOT) dan fosfor total untuk setiap satu ton panen ikan masing-masing sebanyak 200 kg BOT dan 50,8 kgP. Efektivitas filtrasi tanaman kangkung dalam menurunkan konsentrasi P-PO4; BOT; NO2; dan N-NO3 masing-masing sebesar 33,2; 31,2; 31,0; dan 40,3%.
Kata kunci: KJA SMART, Budidaya, Nila, Ramah lingkungan
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