Karakteristik Bahan Bakar Minyak dari Limbah Plastik dan Aplikasinya pada Motor Bensin Empat Langkah Characteristics of Fuel Oil from Plastic Waste and Its Application on Four Stroke Gasoline Engine
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
Plastic is one of the materials most widely used by the community, especially in the household sector. The use of plastics that are not in accordance with health and environmental standards will cause various health problems and pollution to the environment Plastic can be converted by pyrolysis process to produce liquid fuel as an alternative fuel for Internal Combustion Engine (ICE). The purpose of this research was to compare the performance parameters of the four-stroke gasoline engine single cylinder using the mixture of plastic oil (MIPLAS) as testing fuels and 2 (two) Pertamina’s products, ie. Pertalite which has RON (Research Octane Number) 90 and Pertamax which has RON (Research Octane Number) 92 as comparative fuels. The first phase of this research used a dynamometer machine with testing using 100% each Pertalite (RON 90), Pertamax (RON 92) and MIPLAS. The engine performance parameters such as Brake Power, Specific Fuel Consumption, Brake Mean Effective Pressure and Engine Speed were investigated. Then the second phase of testing using the mixture of plastic oil (MIPLAS) and Pertalite (RON 90), Pertamax (RON 92) with a certain percentage as the fuel. From the research results for all types of fuels and fuel mixtures, the minimum specific fuel consumption (SFC) does not occur at the maximum Brake Power (BP) generated., this means that the Internal Combustion Engine never occurs in a condition of maximum power generated with minimum specific fuel consumption or vice versa. It can be concluded that the design and operation of an ICE is a trade-off between the maximum Brake Power (BP) generated and the minimum Specific Fuel Consumption (SFC).
Keywords: gasoline engine, pertamax, pertalite, plastic oil, performance parameter
ABSTRAK
Plastik merupakan salah satu bahan yang paling banyak digunakan oleh masyarakat, khususnya dalam sektor rumah tangga. Penggunaan plastik yang tidak sesuai standar kesehatan dan lingkungan hidup akan menimbulkan berbagai gangguan kesehatan dan pencemaran terhadap lingkungan. Plastik dapat diubah melalui proses pirolisis untuk menghasilkan bahan bakar cair sebagai bahan bakar alternatif motor bakar bensin (Internal Combustion Engine). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk membandingkan parameter unjuk kerja motor bakar bensin empat langkah silinder tunggal dengan bahan bakar campuran minyak plastik (MIPLAS) dan 2 (dua) produk Pertamina yaitu. Pertalite yang memiliki RON (Research Octane Number) 90 dan Pertamax yang memiliki RON (Research Octane Number) 92 sebagai bahan bakar pembanding Tahap pertama penelitian ini menggunakan mesin dinamometer dengan pengujian menggunakan 100% Pertalite (RON 90), 100 % Pertamax (RON 92) dan 100 % MIPLAS. Parameter kinerja mesin seperti Daya Efektif (Brake Power) Konsumsi Bahan Bakar Spesifik (Specific Fuel Consumption), Tekanan Efektif Rata-rata (Brake Mean Effective Pressure) dan putaran mesin diinvestigasi. Kemudian pengujian tahap kedua menggunakan campuran minyak plastik (MIPLAS) dan Pertalite (RON 90), MIPLAS dan Pertamax (RON 92) dengan persentase tertentu sebagai bahan bakarnya. Dari hasil penelitian untuk semua jenis bahan bakar dan campuran bahan bakar, konsumsi bahan bakar spesifik (Specific Fuel Consumption) minimum tidak terjadi pada daya efektif (Brake Power) maksimum yang dihasilkan, hal ini berarti bahwa pada motor bakar tidak pernah terjadi kondisi dimana daya yang dihasilkan maksimum dengan konsumsi bahan bakar spesifik minimum atau sebaliknya. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa desain dan pengoperasian motor bakar (Internal Combustion Engine) merupakan trade-off antara daya efektif maksimum (Brake Power) yang dihasilkan dan konsumsi bahan bakar spesifik (Specific Fuel Consumption) minimum.
Kata kunci: motor bakar bensin, pertamax, pertalite, minyak plastik, parameter kinerja
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