Studi Pemanfaatan Limbah Biomassa sebagai Raw Material Adsorben SiC dalam Penurunan Konsentrasi Amonia sebagai Parameter Bau dalam Air Limbah
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
Biomass as raw material is one solution that can be developed in the management of agricultural, plantation, and industrial waste. The utilization of biomass-derived from waste can help reduce pollution and environmental pollution. This research was conducted to make Silicon Carbide (SiC) adsorbent from wood biomass using Sengon sawdust as a source of carbon and non-wood biomass, namely coconut husk, as a source of silica. SiC adsorbent is applied for ammonium adsorption, which has implications on reducing ammonia gas from wastewater, reducing odor. The research methods included isolation of silica and carbon, the production of SiC adsorbent by magnesiothermic reduction, and the characterization of SiC adsorbents with XRD and SEM-EDX. Adsorption capacities of SiC to ammonium were determined according to SiO2:C adsorbent ratios (1:3 and 5:3), adsorbent mass variations, and ammonium concentrations in simulated wastewater using the spectrophotometric method. The results showed that SiC could be used as an adsorbent because there are pores on the surface structure. The optimum SiO2:C adsorbent ratio in adsorbing ammonium was 1:3 (SiC 136) with 45% adsorbed ammonium and an adsorption capacity of 0.47 mg/g. The optimum adsorbent mass in adsorbing ammonium was 0.1 g with 41.77% adsorbed ammonium. The optimum concentration of ammonium in simulated wastewater for ammonium adsorption was 20 mg/L with 46.25% adsorbed ammonium. The adsorption isotherm pattern during the ammonium adsorption process follows the Freundlich isotherm, which means that the adsorption process occurs physically.
Keywords: adsorbent, adsorption, ammonia, biomass, coconut husk, SiC
ABSTRAK
Biomassa sebagai raw material merupakan salah satu solusi yang dapat dikembangkan dalam pengelolaan limbah hasil pertanian, perkebunan, dan industri. Pemanfaatan biomassa yang berasal dari limbah dapat membantu mengurangi tingkat polusi dan pencemaran lingkungan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk membuat adsorben Silikon Carbida (SiC) dari biomassa kayu yaitu memanfaatkan serbuk gergaji kayu Sengon sebagai sumber karbon dan biomassa non kayu yaitu sabut kelapa sebagai sumber silika. Adsorben SiC diaplikasikan dalam penjerapan amonium yang berimplikasi pada potensi penurunan gas amonia dari air limbah sehingga adsorben SiC berpotensi mengurangi bau dalam air limbah. Metode penelitian meliputi isolasi silika, isolasi karbon, pembuatan adsorben SiC secara reduksi magnesiotermik dan karakterisasi adsorben SiC dengan XRD dan SEM-EDX. Penentuan daya adsorpsi SiC sebagai adsorben terhadap variasi rasio adsorben SiO2:C (1:3 dan 5:3), variasi massa adsorben, variasi konsentrasi limbah simulasi menggunakan metode spektrofotometri. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa SiC dapat digunakan sebagai adsorben karena terdapat pori-pori pada struktur permukaan. Variasi rasio adsorben SiO2:C optimum dalam mengadsorpsi amonium ialah SiC 136 dengan amonium teradsorpsi sebanyak 45% dan kapasitas adsorpsi sebesar 0,47 mg/g. Massa adsorben optimum dalam mengadsorpsi amonium ialah 0,1 g dengan amonium teradsorpsi 41,77%. Konsentrasi optimum limbah simulasi dalam adsorpsi amonium 20 mg/L dengan amonium teradsorpsi 46,25%. Pola isoterm adsorpsi selama proses adsorpsi amonium mengikuti isoterm Freundlich, yang berarti proses adsorpsi cenderung terjadi secara fisika.
Kata kunci: adsorben, adsorpsi, amonia, biomassa, sabut kelapa, SiC
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