Analysis of Potential GHG Emissions from Tofu Industry and Its Mitigation in Indonesia Analisis Potensi Emisi Gas Rumah Kaca dari Industri Tahu dan Mitigasinya di Indonesia

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ARY MAULIVA HADA PUTRI
JOKO WALUYO

Abstract

ABSTRAK


Tahu merupakan salah satu sumber protein dengan permintaan yang tinggi di Indonesia. Saat ini  beberapa industri tahu telah menggunakan peralatan-peralatan berbahan dasar stainless steel. Kondisi ini menunjukkan keseriusan industri tahu untuk membuat produk tahu yang higienis. Namun, produk tahu yang higienis saja tidaklah cukup. Persaingan pasar global menuntut sebuah produk tidak hanya memperhatikan kualitas, namun juga menjadi produk yang ramah lingkungan dengan ditandai oleh nilai emisi CO2 yang rendah. Sejalan dengan kondisi tersebut, maka studi terkait dengan perhitungan emisi CO2 yang dihasilkan oleh sebuah produk menjadi hal yang perlu diutamakan. Pada studi ini dilakukan penelitian estimasi emisi CO2 yang dihasilkan dari 1 kg tahu dengan menggunakan metode LCA dan menerapkan batasan sistem from cradle to gate, yakni penghitungan emisi Gas Rumah Kaca (GRK) dihitung dari penanaman kedelai hingga menjadi 1 kg produk tahu. Studi kasus dilakukan pada 3 industri tahu dan diketahui bahwa emisi GRK yang dihasilkan per 1 kg tahu berada pada rentang 0,350,5 kg CO2 eq. Faktor utama penyumbang emisi CO2 berasal dari air limbah hasil dari proses produksi, diikuti  budidaya kedelai dan transportasi bahan baku kedelai dari perkebunan menuju ke industri. Hasil penelitian ini memberikan rekomendasi kepada industri tahu untuk mengurangi emisi CO2 yang dihasilkan dari limbah cair proses produksi tahu. Alternatif pengolahan limbah cair yakni dengan mengolah air limbah menggunakan sistem anaerobik guna menghasilkan biogas yang digunakan untuk kebutuhan memasak.


Kata kunci: Kedelai, Tahu, LCA, Emisi GRK, Limbah cair


 


ABSTRACT


Tofu is one of the protein sources with high demand in Indonesia. Currently, several tofu industries have used stainless steel-based equipment. This condition shows the seriousness of the tofu industry to make hygienic tofu products. However, hygienic tofu products are not enough. The global market competition required the products to take notice not only of their quality but also of environmentally-friendly products characterized by a low value of CO2 emission. In accordance with the condition, studies related to calculating CO2 emissions resulting from a product are necessary. In this study, we conducted research on the estimation of CO2 emissions resulting from 1 kg of tofu using the LCA method and applying the system boundary from cradle to gate, in which greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions were calculated from soybeans plantation to 1 kg of tofu products. Case studies were conducted on three tofu industries, and it was found that the GHG emissions produced per 1 kg of tofu were in the range of 0.35–0.5 kg CO2 eq. Three main factors contribute to CO2 emissions, i.e., wastewater, soybean cultivation, and soybean transportation from plantation area to industry. Therefore, this study recommends the tofu industry reduce CO2 emissions resulting from wastewater. The alternative is to treat wastewater using an anaerobic system to produce biogas for cooking purposes.


Keywords: Soybeans, Tofu, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), GHG emissions, Wastewater

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RESEARCH ARTICLES

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