Adaptation of Coastal and Small Island Communities on the Assessment and Application of Clean Water Technology Provision Adaptasi Masyarakat Pesisir dan Pulau-Pulau Kecil terhadap Kaji-Terap Teknologi Pemenuhan Ketersediaan Air Bersih
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Abstract
ABSTRAK
Pemenuhan akses air bersih yang laik bagi masyarakat merupakan isu ke-6 dari 17 isu tujuan pembangunan berkelanjutan (TPB). Tujuan berkelanjutan ini bertumpu pada pilar ekonomi, sosial dan lingkungan yang diperkuat oleh peran teknologi. Kawasan pesisir dan pulau-pulau kecil memiliki tantangan yang relatif lebih besar ditengah isu perubahan iklim dalam memenuhi ketersediaan air bersih. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan model aplikasi teknologi tepat guna melalui analisis adaptasi masyarakat dalam pemenuhan akses air bersih. Masyarakat desa Mare Kofo dan Mare Gam di Pulau Mare, Provinsi Maluku Utara yang terdiri dari ketua RT/RW dan pemangku kepentingan setempat sebagai object dalam riset ini. Metode kualitatif dan kuantitatif digunakan untuk menginvestigasi tingkat adaptasi masyarakat. Analisis data dilakukan melalui tahap pengumpulan data sekunder skala kota, pengamatan lapangan dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa masyarakat Pulau Mare telah melakukan adaptasi dalam memenuhi kebutuhan air bersih dengan menggunakan sumur bor komunal yang dikelola oleh pemerintah desa setempat dan teknologi pemanenan air hujan. Diperoleh pula bahwa potensi maksimal hasil tangkapan air hujan pada hunian terkecil dengan luasan atap rumah 42 m2 adalah sebesar 56.915 liter per tahun, atau setara dengan 65% dari kebutuhan air bersih domestik.
Kata Kunci: Air Bersih, Masyarakat Pesisir, Pengkajian Teknologi, Adaptasi, Pulau-pulau Kecil
ABSTRACT
Providing access to clean water for the community is the 6th goal of 17 (seventeen) sustainable development goals (SDGs). The SDGs are based on economic, social, and environmental pillars that are strengthened by the role of technology. Coastal areas and small islands have relatively more significant challenges amid climate change issues in meeting the availability of clean water. This research aims to develop an appropriate technology application model through analyses on community adaptation in fulfilling access to clean water. The village community of Mare Kofo and Mare Gam, Mare Island, North Maluku Province, consisting of local wards and local stakeholders as the research objects. Qualitative and quantitative methods were applied to investigate the level of community adaptation. Data analysis was carried out through the stages of collecting secondary city-scale data, field observations, and interviews. This study indicate that the people of Mare Island have adapted to meet their clean water needs by using communal drilled wells managed by the local village government and rainwater harvesting technology. It was also found that the maximum potential for rainwater catchment in the smallest dwelling with a roof area of 42 m2 is 56,915 liters per year, or equivalent to 65% of domestic clean water needs
Keywords: Clean Water, Coastal Community, Technology Assessment, Adaptation, Small Islands
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