Wetlands Delineation with Various Land Covers Using SAR Sentinel-1A Surface Backscatter Ratio Delineasi Lahan Basah dengan Beragam Tutupan Lahan Menggunakan SAR Sentinel-1A Surface Backscatter Ratio
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Abstract
ABSTRAK
Wilayah Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ilir (OKI) yang didominasi lahan basah memerlukan perencanaan tata guna lahan yang tepat untuk mendukung program kesejahteraan dan pelestarian lingkungan. Program tersebut perlu disusun berdasarkan data lahan basah yang tepat dalam penetapan tata guna lahan. Artikel ini mengeksplorasi pemanfaatan data satelit Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Sentinel-1A untuk mengidentifikasi area lahan basah dengan berbagai tutupan lahan untuk menyediakan peta lahan basah skala menengah secara cepat. Peta kelembaban tanah diambil dari platform SEPAL untuk memantau pola kelembaban tanah sepanjang 2015–2017. Profil hamburan balik polarisasi VV (?VV) dan polarisasi VH (?VH) dianalisis untuk data sentinel-1 dari tahun 2015 hingga 2018. Rasio antara nilai VV dan VH (?VV/?VH) serta tekstur VV dan VH digunakan sebagai acuan untuk menentukan lahan basah; ditentukan pada analisis eksperimental profil kelembaban tanah, konstanta dielektrik, dan nilai koefisien hamburan balik dari penelitian lain. Rasio VH/?VV yang rendah (berkisar antara 1,3 dan 1,6) terletak di bagian utara Kabupaten OKI dan sebagian besar ditutupi oleh tanaman akasia. Estimasi ini sejalan dengan peta kesatuan hidrologis gambut dan data validasi berdasarkan ground check lapangan. Secara keseluruhan, rasio ?VH/?VV tahunan bernilai relatif sama, dengan nilai variasi yang kecil. Studi ini menemukan kemampuan Sentinel-1A untuk keperluan klasifikasi tipe vegetasi lahan basah yang akurat, terutama lahan basah bervegetasi herba atau semak, tetapi tidak untuk lahan basah bervegetasi tinggi.
Kata kunci : SAR Sentinel-1A, lahan basah, backscatter, program konservasi, keberlanjutan
ABSTRACT
Ogan Komering Ilir (OKI) Regency area, dominated by wetlands, requires appropriate land use planning to support welfare and environmental conservation programs. This article explores the utilization of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Sentinel-1A satellite data to identify wetland areas with various land covers to provide a medium scale wetland map quickly. The soil moisture maps were captured from the SEPAL platform to monitor soil moisture patterns throughout 2015–2017. The backscattering profiles of VV (?VV) polarization and VH polarization (?VH) were then analyzed for data sentinel-1A from 2015 to 2018. The ratio between VV and VH (?VV/?VH) values and textures of VV and VH is used as a reference to determine the wetland area; determined on an experimental analysis of soil moisture profile, dielectric constants, and backscattering coefficient values from other studies. The low ?VH/?VV ratio (ranges between 1.3 and 1.6) is located in the northern OKI regency and is mainly covered by acacia plantations. These estimations align with the Peat Hydrology Unit maps and ground check as validation data. Overall, the ?VH/?VV ratio is relatively the same yearly, with a small variation value. This study found the capability of Sentinel-1A for the accurate classification of wetland vegetation types, primarily herbaceous or shrubby vegetated wetlands, but not for high-vegetated wetlands.
Keywords : SAR Sentinel-1A, wetland, backscatter, conservation programs, sustainability
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