ENERGI TERBARUKAN DAN PENGURANGAN EMISI GAS RUMAH KACA DARI PALM OIL MILL EFFLUENT
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Abstract
Biodiesel kelapa sawit diprediksi oleh banyak kalangan menjadi andalan sebagai sumber bahan bakar nabati (BBN) yang paling tinggi produktivitasnya dibandingkan dengan sumber BBN lainnya. Proses
produksi biodiesel kelapa sawit berpotensi mencemari lingkungan akibat dari keluaran limbah padat (tandan buah kosong, serat, cangkang buah dan abu bakar) dan limbah cair kelapa sawit (palm oil mill
effluent/POME). Makalah ini mengevaluasi dan mendiskusikan potensi penangkapan gas metan dari POME sebagai energi terbarukan dan estimasi penyelamatan emisi karbon yang dihasilkan selama
proses produksi BBN. Data kualitas dan kuantitas gas metan yang diperoleh dari studi ini akan diadaptasikan dengan nilai faktor energi dan faktor emisi dari sumber pustaka yang terpercaya. Hasil
evaluasi dan perhitungan menyatakan bahwa kualitas dan kuantitas POME menentukan jumlah gas metan yang dihasilkan secara signifikan. Hasil inventori energi mencatat bahwa potensi energi yang dihasilkan dari penangkapan gas metan dari POME berkisar 427,2 MJ/FU (fungsional unit). Nilai energi ini menaikkan net energy ratio (NER) dari 3,19 menjadi 3,31 atau sebesar 3,4 %. Inovasi penangkapan gas metan ini juga menghasilkan penyelamatan emisi gas karbon sebesar 126,4 kg/FU atau mengurangi emisi karbon sekitar 8,2 % dari nilai yang umum terjadi.
Kata kunci : biodiesel, kelapa sawit, POME, emisi karbon, NER
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